- Inference : When the length of a simple pendulum increases, the period of oscillation also increases. // The period of pendulum is affected by the length of the thread.
- Hypothesis : The longer the length of a simple pendulum, the longer will be the period of oscillation
3.
Aim : To find the relationship between the length
of a simple pendulum and the period
of oscillation.
4.
Variable : a) Manipulated variable : Length, l
b) Responding variable : Period, T.
c)
Fixed variable : Mass of pendulum bob.
5.
Materials/ Apparatus : Retort stand, pendulum bob, thread, metre rule, stop
watch.
You are provided with a retort stand, clamp and boss head, a pendulum bob, a piece of thread, a stop watch and other necessary materials.
(i) Set up the apparatus as illustrated in the diagram above.
(ii) Measure and record the distance h = 130 cm from the centre of the bob to the point of suspension of the pendulum.
(iii) Displace the pendulum through a small angle and release.
Allow the pendulum to oscillate freely.
(iv) Determine the time, t for 20 complete oscillations.
(v) Also determine the period, T of the oscillations.
(vi) Evaluate T2 and L = h – 30.
(vii) Repeat the procedure for four other values of h = 110 cm, 90 cm, 70 cm and 50 cm respectively.
(viii) Tabulate your readings.
(ix) Plot a graph with T2 on the vertical axis and L on the horizontal axis, starting both axes from the origin (0, 0)
(x) Determine the slope, s, of the graph and intercept, e, on the vertical axis.
(xi) Evaluate:
(α) k1 = 4π2
s
(b) k2 =
[Take π = 3.14](xii) State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results.
Procedure :
a) Set up the apparatus as shown
in Figure above.// A small brass or
bob was attached to the thread. The
thread was held by a clamp of a
the retort stand.
b) The length of the thread , l was measured by a metre rule,
starting
with 90.0 cm. The bob of the
pendulum was displaced and released.
c)
The time for 20 complete oscillations, t was taken using the stop
watch. Calculate the
period of oscillation by using, T = t / 20
d) The experiment was repeated using
different lengths such as
80.0 cm. 70.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 50.0 cm
and 40.0 cm.
|
Length
of string, l / cm
|
Time
taken for 10
oscillation,
t (s)
|
Period
of oscillation
T
|
T2
(s2 )
|
||
|
t 1
|
t 2
|
Average, t
|
|||
|
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
|
25.2
28.1
31.0
33.5
35.7
38.2
|
25.1
28.2
31.0
33.6
35.9
37.9
|
25.2
28.2
31.0
33.6
35.8
38.1
|
1.26
1.41
1.55
1.68
1.79
1.91
|
1.59
1.99
2.40
2.82
3.20
3.65
|
8. Plotting the graph
Notes :
a)
Plotting the graph
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