Archimedes’ principle is also used in designing ships and submarines.
The
floating of a big ship is based on the Archimedes' principle. An iron
nail sinks because it has more weight than the weight of the water it
displaces. In other words, the density of the iron nail is greater than
the density of water. In case of a ship, a large portion of it is hollow
inside. This reduces the apparent density of the ship to a value less
than the density of water. The weight of the water displaced by the ship
is much more than its own weight. This makes the ship float on water.
A
submarine can dive into the water or rise to the surface as needed. The
most important compartments of a submarine that help in its floatation
are the ballast tank, and the compressed air tank. To dive, the ballast
tanks are filled with water so that the average density of the submarine
becomes greater than the density of sea water, and the submarine dives.
To rise, the water from the ballast tanks is forced out into the sea by
allowing air from the compressed air tank to enter the ballast tank. As
a result, the average density of the submarine decreases, and the
submarine rises.
2.
Fish float based on Archimedes' principle. Most fish have an organ
known as the swim bladder. When they want to rise, fish release gas into
the swim bladder and increase their volume. As a result, they displace
more water. The force of buoyancy acting on them increases. To come
down, a fish empties the bladder to the required extent, reducing the
volume and the force of buoyancy acting on it.
3. A hot air balloon rises and floats due to the buoyant force (when the
surrounding air is greater than its weight). It descends when the
balloon's weight is higher than the buoyant force. It becomes stationary
when the weight equals the buoyant force.
The weight of the Hot-air balloon can be controlled by varying the quantity of hot air in the balloon.
4. A hydrometer uses Archimedes’ principle to determine the density of any liquid.
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